Finding out you need treatment for stomach cancer brings many questions. What will treatment involve? How will it affect my daily life? What can I expect afterwards?
Your healthcare team will work with you to create a treatment plan tailored to your situation. This depends on factors like where in your stomach the cancer is located, whether it has spread beyond the stomach wall, your general fitness, and most importantly, your own goals and preferences.
This section explains the treatment options available for stomach cancer and helps you understand what each involves.
Treatment for stomach cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of your cancer, where it's located, your overall health, and your preferences.
When discussing treatment, your doctor will explain what the treatment aims to achieve. Understanding this intent helps you make informed decisions about your care.
Treatment for stomach cancer generally has one of three goals:
1. To cure the cancer
When stomach cancer is detected early and hasn't spread, treatment aims to remove all cancer from your body. This typically involves surgery to remove the affected part or all of your stomach, often combined with chemotherapy before or after the operation to improve outcomes.
Success rates are highest when cancer is confined to the stomach wall and nearby lymph nodes.
2. To control cancer growth and help you live longer
For cancers that have spread beyond the stomach or involve major blood vessels, treatment focuses on slowing cancer growth and maintaining quality of life for as long as possible.
This usually involves chemotherapy, sometimes with immunotherapy or targeted therapies, and may include radiotherapy for specific situations.
While these treatments won't cure the cancer, they can significantly extend life and reduce symptoms.
3. To manage symptoms and improve comfort
Some people choose treatment focused on maintaining comfort and quality of life. This might involve procedures to keep the digestive tract open and medicines to control symptoms.
This approach is called supportive or palliative care. It can be chosen at any stage and doesn't mean giving up, it means prioritising what matters most to you.
There are different ways to treat stomach cancer. Most people have more than one treatment. Your doctor will choose the best plan for you, based on your health and the type of cancer you have.
Getting ready for treatment means helping your body and mind be as strong as possible before you start. It’s like training for a big event — the better prepared you are, the better you’ll cope.
People who prepare often recover faster, have fewer problems after treatment, and feel better overall.
Here are some ways to get ready :
Your healthcare team can connect you with people who can help with each part of your plan. The most important thing is to start as soon as you can after being diagnosed.

Stomach cancer requires expertise from multiple specialists working together. You'll be cared for by a multidisciplinary team of professionals from different fields who meet regularly to discuss your case and coordinate your care.
Your main doctor
One doctor takes responsibility for coordinating your treatment. Depending on your situation, this might be:
This doctor acts as your main point of contact and ensures all aspects of your care work together smoothly.
The multidisciplinary team
The rest of your multidisciplinary team will be made up of a mix of medical specialists, allied health professionals and supportive care professionals.
Each team member brings special skills to make sure all parts of your care are looked after. They meet regularly to talk about your case and agree on the best treatment approach.
The make-up of this multidisciplinary team may change at different stages of your treatment, but may include:
| Medical specialists | Allied health professionals | Supportive care professionals |
|
|
|
Making treatment decisons
Choosing how to approach your stomach cancer treatment is deeply personal. There's rarely one ‘right’ answer. Instead, the best choice balances medical recommendations with your own values, priorities and circumstances.
Your healthcare team provides expert advice, but ultimately you decide what treatment aligns with your goals.
Getting the information you need
To make an informed decision, it helps to know as much as you can about your treatment choices. Your treatment team will explain:
Everyone’s situation is different. When making treatment decisions, you might want to think about:
Questions to ask
It can help to write down your questions before appointments. You might like to ask:
Taking your time
While stomach cancer requires prompt attention, you typically have time to:
Your team will indicate if any decision needs urgency. Otherwise, taking days or even a couple of weeks to consider major treatment decisions is reasonable and expected.
Surgery for stomach cancer
Surgery gives the best chance of curing stomach cancer. But not everyone can have surgery. It depends on where the cancer is, whether it has spread, and how healthy you are.
Surgery for stomach cancer is a big operation that needs a very skilled surgeon and careful recovery afterward. Knowing what will happen before, during and after surgery can help you feel more ready .

Is surgery an option for me?
Your surgeon will consider several things when recommending surgery, including:
Doctors use certain words to describe whether surgery is possible:
Types of surgery
The type of surgery you have depends on where the cancer is in your stomach and how far it has spread. Your surgeon will choose the operation that gives you the best chance of recovery.
Endoscopic resection
If the cancer is very small and found early, it might be possible to remove it using an endoscope. This is a thin, flexible tube that goes through your mouth into your stomach.
This type of surgery doesn’t need any cuts on the outside of your body, so recovery is usually faster. However, only a small number of people can have this operation because most stomach cancers are found later. Your doctor will look at your test results to see if this treatment is right for you.
Partial (subtotal) gastrectomy
If the cancer is in the lower part of your stomach, the surgeon may remove that section and keep the top part. During the operation, they also remove:
The rest of your stomach is then joined to your small intestine, so food can still pass through your body.
You’ll usually stay in hospital for about 5 to 10 days and need a few months to get your strength back. Because your stomach will be smaller, you’ll need to eat smaller meals more often.

Total gastrectomy
If the cancer is in the upper part of your stomach or has spread throughout it, the surgeon may need to remove the whole stomach. After this, your oesophagus (food pipe) is connected directly to your small intestine. A small pouch is made to help hold food.
Living without a stomach means making big changes to how you eat. You will need to:
Even though this sounds like a lot, many people adjust well and live full lives after surgery. Your dietitian will help you learn how to eat and stay healthy.
You’ll usually stay in hospital for 5 to 10 days, then spend a few months recovering at home. Regular check-ups with your surgical team and dietitian are very important.

If the cancer can’t be removed with surgery, other procedures can significantly improve your quality of life by maintaining your ability to eat and drink comfortably.
As stomach cancer grows, it may narrow or block the passage of food, causing difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and inability to maintain nutrition.
A stent is a small expandable mesh tube. It can be placed through the narrowed area during an endoscopy procedure (while you're sedated). Once in place, it opens up the passage, allowing food to pass through more easily.
When tumour blockage isn't suitable for stenting, surgeons can create a new connection that allows food to bypass the blocked area. This involves joining part of your stomach above the blockage directly to your small intestine.
Your surgeon will discuss whether this option suits your situation.
What to expect when having surgery
Before surgery
During your hospital stay
Most people stay in hospital for 1–2 weeks after surgery for stomach cancer.
Recovery at home
Getting support
Recovery from stomach surgery isn't something to navigate alone. Lean on:
Remember, recovery takes time. Most people gradually find their new normal, though it may look different from life before surgery.

Chemotherapy for stomach cancer
Chemotherapy uses special medicines to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing.
It is one of the main treatments for stomach cancer.
The doctor in charge of your chemotherapy is called a medical oncologist.
Will I have chemotherapy?
Your oncologist may recommend chemotherapy:
Types of chemotherapy
Chemotherapy can be given in two main ways .

Your oncologist will design a plan based on:
Most plans use a combination of drugs that work together to fight cancer cells.
Chemotherapy is usually given in cycles. This means you’ll have a period of treatment followed by a rest period so your body can recover.
A full course of chemotherapy often lasts several months. Your care team will explain the exact schedule for you.
Access devices
If you’re having IV chemotherapy through a drip, your doctor may recommend a device to make treatment easier. This might be:


These devices help protect your veins and make treatment more comfortable.
Monitoring during treatment
You’ll have regular check-ups to make sure chemotherapy is working safely.
These may include:
Side effects and how to manage them
Chemotherapy can affect healthy cells too, which causes side effects. Not everyone gets the same effects, and most can be managed well.
Common side effects include:
Your team can help by:
Always tell your nurse or doctor about any side effects. There are often ways to make you feel more comfortable.
Getting support
Chemotherapy can be physically and emotionally tough. You don’t have to go through it alone.
Your care team, a dietitian, or Pancare's Support service can help you manage side effects, plan meals, and find emotional support.
Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses special medicines to attack cancer cells while causing less harm to healthy cells. These medicines work by blocking or changing the signals that help cancer cells grow and spread.
Not all stomach cancers can be treated with targeted therapy. The tumour must have certain features that can be targeted. Your doctor will test your cancer tissue to see if these medicines might help you.
Some stomach cancers have very high levels of a protein called HER2. This can make the cancer cells grow too fast.
If your cancer is HER2-positive, you may be given a medicine called trastuzumab. It works by attaching to the HER2 protein on the cancer cells and blocking their growth.
Trastuzumab is given with chemotherapy every 2–3 weeks through a drip into a vein. It can help slow or stop the cancer from growing. Some people may have side effects such as tiredness, fever, nausea or heart problems. Your doctor will monitor you closely.
Another medicine, called ramucirumab, helps by cutting off the blood supply that tumours need to grow. It can be used for advanced stomach cancer that has not responded to chemotherapy. Ramucirumab may cause side effects such as stomach pain, diarrhoea or high blood pressure.
Before you can have targeted therapy, a sample of tumour will be tested in a laboratory. This testing looks for certain genes or proteins that the medicine can target.
This is part of an approach called personalised medicine, where treatment is chosen to match your individual type of cancer.
Because everyone’s cancer is different, these tests help doctors find the treatments that are most likely to work for you.
Your oncologist will explain which targeted therapies are available in Australia and whether they are covered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS ).

Immunotherapy is a treatment that helps your body’s own immune system fight cancer. Normally, your immune system protects you from things like germs and damaged cells. But sometimes, cancer cells hide from the immune system.
Immunotherapy medicines help ‘unblock’ your immune system so it can see and attack the cancer cells.
Will I have immunotherapy?
For some people with advanced stomach cancer, immunotherapy is used along with chemotherapy.
Types of immunotherapy
A medicine called nivolumab may be used when the cancer has high levels of a protein called PD-L1, or when chemotherapy has stopped working. It can also be used if the tumour has a special marker called MSI (microsatellite instability).
Immunotherapy is usually given through a drip into your vein every few weeks. It doesn’t work for everyone, but for some people it can help control the cancer and improve how they feel.
Immunotherapy can cause the immune system to become too active, which might lead to redness, swelling, or pain in different parts of the body. Common side effects include:
In rare cases, it can cause more serious problems if the immune system attacks healthy organs. Your doctors will watch you closely and treat any side effects quickly. Always tell your care team straight away if you feel unwell, even if it seems minor.
Radiotherapy for stomach cancer
Radiotherapy (also called radiation therapy) uses strong X-rays to destroy cancer cells.
In stomach cancer, radiotherapy is used to control symptoms like pain, trouble swallowing and bleeding.
Will I have radiotherapy?
Your doctor may suggest radiotherapy to help ease pain or other symptoms.
How radiotherapy works
Radiotherapy is given by a machine that directs beams of radiation at the cancer from outside your body.
You won’t see or feel the radiation, but it works inside your body to damage the DNA of cancer cells so they can’t keep growing.
Radiotherapy might be given in combination with a small dose of chemotherapy. This is called chemoradiation. The chemotherapy makes cancer cells more sensitive to radiation, helping the treatment work better.
Your oncologist will discuss whether this approach is suitable for you.

What to expect during radiotherapy
Before treatment
During treatment
Side effects and how to manage them
Side effects usually appear slowly during treatment and improve a few weeks after it finishes. Everyone reacts differently, but common effects include:
Your radiation oncology team will help you manage side effects. They can give advice about:
Getting support
It’s normal to feel tired or emotional during treatment.
Your healthcare team can help with symptom control, nutrition, and emotional wellbeing.
You can also reach out to Pancare's Support service practical advice, counselling, and connections with others living with stomach cancer.
Clinical trials are research studies that test new treatments or new ways of using existing ones. They help doctors find better and safer ways to treat, diagnose, and manage stomach cancer.
For some people, joining a clinical trial can offer access to promising new treatments and specialised care before these options become widely available.
Taking part in a clinical trial can give you the chance to try a new approach that may work better than standard care. You’ll be closely monitored by expert doctors and nurses who specialise in stomach cancer.
Even if the treatment being tested doesn’t benefit you directly, your participation helps researchers learn more about the disease and improve care for future patients. Many people find this sense of contributing to progress reassuring and empowering.
There are many different types of clinical trials.
Some test new chemotherapy drugs or combinations, while others explore targeted therapies that act on specific changes in cancer cells.
Researchers are also studying new ways to use immunotherapy to help the body’s own immune system fight cancer.
Other trials look at surgical techniques, how to better manage symptoms or side effects, or how to detect stomach cancer earlier.
Each trial has its own entry requirements, called eligibility criteria. These might include the type and stage of your cancer, your previous treatments, your general health, and sometimes genetic features found in your tumour.
Your healthcare team can explain which kinds of studies are currently running and whether one may be right for you.

Finding clinical trials
If you’d like to explore current stomach cancer trials, speak to your oncologist or visit trusted websites such as australiancancertrials.gov.au or the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group.
You can also contact the Pancare Foundation for guidance and information about studies in Australia.
Complementary and alternative therapies
Many people with stomach cancer look for ways to feel better and support their wellbeing during treatment.
Complementary and alternative therapies are two types of approaches people sometimes use. It’s important to understand how they differ, and how they can safely fit into your care.
Complementary therapies that may help
Some complementary therapies can be safely used to help with relaxation or symptom relief, as long as your healthcare team agrees.

It’s common to wonder whether vitamins, minerals, or herbal products could help.
Some may be safe, but others can interfere with chemotherapy or other cancer treatments.
Always tell your healthcare team about any supplements you’re taking or thinking about taking. They can check for possible interactions and advise what’s safe.
Remember:
If in doubt, ask your doctor, pharmacist or dietitian before starting anything new.
Making informed choices
Before starting any new therapy, take time to check that it’s safe and worthwhile.
Talk to your healthcare team. They need to know everything you’re using. You can also ask:
After your initial treatment is complete, you'll enter a phase of follow-up care. This is an important part of your cancer journey.
Follow-up care involves:

Your follow-up care plan
Every person’s recovery is different. Your healthcare team will create a personalised follow-up plan that explains:
You may have blood tests and CT or MRI scans from time to time to check for any changes.
These tests help your doctors see how you’re healing and detect any possible signs of the cancer returning early.
If you’ve had part of your stomach removed, you may have a regular endoscopy to check that the remaining stomach and connections are working well.
Some people continue to experience side effects after treatment, such as fatigue, digestive changes, or problems with appetite.
Your care team will support you to manage these issues and maintain your strength.
What to watch for
Your doctor will tell you about symptoms that may need to be checked quickly.
These might include:
If you notice any of these symptoms, or anything that worries you, contact your healthcare team or GP as soon as possible.
Recovery takes time, both physically and emotionally. Keep communicating with your care team and let them know how you’re feeling.
Gentle physical activity, a balanced diet, rest, and emotional support from friends, family, or a counsellor can all make a big difference.
If you’d like extra support, Pancare’s Support service can connect you with nurses, counsellors, dietitians and others who understand what you’re going through .

Speak to an upper GI cancer nurse or counsellor, we're here to provide you with the support you need. Support available to anyone impacted by upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm.