Am I at risk of biliary cancer?
Most biliary cancers develop with no obvious cause. However, certain health conditions and lifestyle factors can increase your risk.
This page explains what biliary cancer is, what the risk factors are, and when you should see your doctor.
Risk factors for biliary cancer
Being over 65 years old and/or being male
Including primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic liver disease, hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, diabetes and certain gallbladder and bile duct problems like gallstones or polyps (growths)
Being overweight or obese, smoking tobacco, or drinking alcohol frequently
Or certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome (rare)
Exposure to certain chemicals, such as asbestos
Important to know: Most people with these risk factors will never develop biliary cancer. If you have concerns about your risk, especially if you have chronic liver disease or primary sclerosing cholangitis, talk to your doctor.
Family history and genetic risk
Most people who develop biliary cancer do not have a family history of the disease. However, your risk may be slightly higher if close family members (parents, siblings, or children) have had biliary cancer, though this increased risk is small.
Rarely, biliary cancer can be linked to certain inherited genetic conditions, particularly Lynch syndrome.
If you have a strong family history of biliary cancer or an inherited genetic condition, you may be referred to a familial cancer service or genetic counsellor.
They can review your personal and family history and discuss whether genetic testing might be appropriate for you.
Signs and symptoms to watch for
Biliary cancer often has no symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can be similar to those caused by other, less serious conditions.
You should see your GP if you experience:
- yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) - this is a serious symptom that needs urgent medical attention
- itchy skin
- dark urine
- light-coloured or pale stools
- pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen or right side of the ribs
- losing weight without trying
- unexplained fatigue
- loss of appetite or feeling sick
- fever
Sometimes, biliary cancer is discovered by chance during tests or scans for other health conditions, before any symptoms appear.
These symptoms can be caused by many conditions other than cancer. However, if you experience jaundice or have persistent symptoms, it’s important to see your doctor promptly.
Preventing biliary cancer
There is no guaranteed way to prevent biliary cancer. However, you may be able to lower your risk by:
• maintaining a healthy weight through balanced eating and regular exercise
• eating a healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• quitting smoking
• limiting alcohol intake
• managing chronic conditions like hepatitis, liver disease, or inflammatory bowel disease with your doctor’s help
Need more information?
If you’re concerned about your risk for biliary cancer, or if you are experiencing any signs or symptoms that worry you, it’s important to speak with your general practitioner.
Want to talk?
Speak to an upper GI cancer nurse or counsellor, we're here to provide you with the support you need. Support available to anyone impacted by upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm.
